IS : 9284 - 1979 Indian Standard ( Reaffirmed 2002 ) METHOD OF TEST FOR ABRASION RESISTANCE OF CONCRETE ( Second Reprint DECEMBER 1993) UDC 666.972.55:620.178.14 @ Copyright 1980 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDAR-D S MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR h4ARG NEW DELHI 110002 February I980 Gr3. rs:9284 - 1979 Indian Standard METHOD OF TEST FOR ABRASION RESISTANCE OF CONCRETE Cement and Concrete Chairman DR IT. C. VIYVEWARAYA Members Designs & Standards Organization DIRECTOR, STANDARDS Research, ( Ministrv of Railwavs I ) I ' D&TX DIRECTOR, STANDARDS ' ( B&S ) ( Alternate ) Hindustan Prefeb Ltd, New Delhi SHRI K. C. ACGARWAL SHRI C. L. KASLIWAI, ( Alternate ) Larsen & Toubro Ltd, Bombay SRRI K. P. BANERJEE SHRI HARISH N. MALANI ( Alternate ) National Test House, Calcutta SIIRI S. K. BANERJEE Beas Designs Organization, Nangal Township SHRI R. N. BANS.~L SRRI T. c. GARB ( il!ternate ) Structural Engineering Research Centre ( CSIR DR N. S. BHAL Roorkee Central Public Works Department, New Delhi CHIEF ENGINEER ( DESIGNS ) EXECU~ZIV~ENGINEER ( DESIGNS ) III ( Alternate ) Irrigation Department, Government of Punjab CHIEF ENGINEER ( PROJECTS ) DIRECTOR, IPRI ( Alternate ) Central Water Commission, New Delhi DIRECTOR ( CSMRS ) DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( CSMRS ) ( Alternate ) Cenj;z;hiRoad Research Institute ( CSIR ), New DR R. K. GHOSH A~~;AL SRRI Y. R. PHULL ( Alternate I ) SHRI M. DINAKARAN ( Alternate DR. R. K. Gaos~ SHRI B. R. GOVIND SRRI P. C. JAIN ( Alternate ) SHRI A. K. GUPTA DR R. R. HATTIANGADI SHRI P. J. JANUS ( Alternate ) II ) Indian Roads Congress, New Delhi Engineer-in-Chief's Branch, Army Hyderadad Asbestos Cement Hyderabad The Associated Cement Companies Sectional Committee, Representing BDC 2 Cement Research Institute of India, New Delhi Headquarters -Products Ltd, Ltd, Bombav ( Continued on page 2 ) 0 BUREAU dF Copyright 1980 INDIAN STANDARDS This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act (XIV of 1957) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the nublisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act. LS : 9234 - 1379 ( Continued frontpap 1 ) ~!iemhers Representing Engineering Rrscarch Laboratories, Hyderabad Dircctoratc General of Supplies & Disposals, New Delhi M. N. Dastur & Co ( Pvt ) Ltd, Calcutta The Institution of Engineers ( India ), Calcutta ( Alternate ) Centr$or~~~Iding Research Institute ( CSIR ), In personal capacity f ` Ramanalaya ' II First Crescent Park Road, Gandhinagar, Adyar, Madras ) National Buildings Organization, New Delhi Dlt I~I~AL Am SHRI M. T. KANSB SHRI S. R. KULKARNI SHRI S. K. LAHA Snrtr B. T. UNWALLA DR MOIIAN RAI DR S. S. REHSI ( SHRI K. K. NAXBIAR Allernate) Dn A. V. R. RAO SHRI J. SPN GUPTA ( Alt&nate ) Geological Survey of India, Calcutta SHRI R. V. CKLAPATHI RAO SIIRI S. ROY ( Alternate ) Gammon India Lrd, Bombay SHRI T. N. SUBRA RAO SHHI S. 12. PINHEIRO ( Alternate ) Cement Corporation of India Ltd, New Delhi SHRI ARJUN RIJHSINCHANI SHRI K. VITHAL RAO ( Alternate ) Central Board of Irrigation & Power, New Delhi SECRETARY DEPUTY SECRETARY ( I ) ( Alternate ) Roads Wing ( Ministry of Shipping & Transport ) SHRI N. SIVAGURU SH~I J. R. K. PRASAD (Alternate) The India Cements Ltd, Madras SHRI K. A. SUBRAMANIAM SHRI P. S. RAMACHANDRAN ( Alternate ) SUPERINTENDING E N G I N E E R Public Works Department, Government of Tamil Nadu ( DESIGNS ) EXECUTIVE ENGINEER ( SM&R DIVISION ) ( Alternate ) Dalmia Cement ( Bharat ) Ltd, New Delhi SRRIL.SWAROOP SHRI A. V. RAMANA ( Alternate ) The Concrete Association of India, Bombay SHRI B. T. UNWALLA SHRI Y. K. MEHTA ( Alterm:e ) Director General, BIS,( Ex-ojicio Member) SHRI D. AJITHA SIMHA, Director ( Civ Engg ) Secretary SHRI M. N. NEELAKANDHAN Assistant Director ( Civ Engg ), BIS Concrete Subcommittee, BDC 2 : 2 SHRI C. R. ALIMCHANDANI Stup Consultants India Ltd, Bombay SHRI M. C. TANDON ( Alternate ) Engineers India Ltd, New Delhi SHRI D. CHARRAVARTY D r: p u T Y DIRECTOR, STANDARDS Research, Designs and Standards Organization ( Ministry of Railways ) (B&S) ASSISTANT DIRECTOR, STASJDARDS ( M/C ) ( Alternate ) ( Continued on page 10 ) 2 IS : 9284 - 1979 Indian Standard METHOD OF TEST FOR ABRASION RESISTANCE OF WNCRETE 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 30 October 1979, after the ~draft finalized by the Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 Abrasion resistance of concrete can be one of the measures of its durability. Deterioration of concrete surface may occur due to abrasion by sliding, scraping, percussion or action of abrasive materials carried by water. Therefore, it becomes difficult to `assess the abrasion resistance of concrete, as the mode of abrasive action in each case may vary, but evaluation of relative resistance of concrete surfaces is possible. 0.3 This standard describes the method of assessing the relative resistance of concrete surfaces by finding the abrasion loss of the specimen subjected to an abrasive charge. The procedure laid down in this standard approximately simulates abrasion under physical effects suffered by concrete pavements ( roads and air-fields ), industrial floors, railway platforms, dock-yards, footpaths, ~etc. This applies generally for normal weight concrete with a density of 24-26 kN/ma. Tentative suggested values of permissible abrasion loss for different concrete surfaces are given in Appendix A for broad guidance only. 0.3.1 The method of test covered applied to assess the abrasion resistance such as stone and cement mortar. in this standard may also be of surfaces made up of materials, 0.4 .`The Committee responsible for the preparation of this standard has taken into consideration the practices followed in this country in conducting test for determining abrasion resistance of concrete. Due weightage has also been given to the need for international co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailing in different countries of the world. 0.5 For the purpose of deciding whether standard is complied with, the final 3 a particular requirement of this value, observed or calculated, IS : 9284 - 1979 expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS : 2-1960*. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard covers determination of abrasion resistance characteristics of concrete under physical effects only by subjecting it to the impingement of air-driven silica-sand using lo-cm concrete cubes. 2. WORKING PRINCIPLE 2.1 The surface of the concrete cubes is subjected to impingement of an As a result, abrasion of the concrete surface abrasive charge ( see 3.3). of the cubes occurs and resulting loss in mass of the cubes is taken as the abrasion loss of concrete. 3. APPARATUS scale shall have a capacity of 5 000 g or more. 3.1 Scale -The permissible variation at a load of 5 000 g shall be 15 g. 3.2 Pneumatic Sand Blasting Cabinet The 3.2.1 T$e pneumatic sand blasting cabinet consists of a wooden cabinel with a tightly closing door ( see Fig. 1 ). A high carbon steel nozzle, the axis of which is vertical, shall fit through the top of the cabinet. While the inside ~diameter of the nozzle shall be 1.7 & *006 cm, the internal diameter of the nozzIe tip shall be 0.8 & `003 cm. The body of the nozzle tip shall be push-fit to the body of the nozzle and be replaceable. The length of the nozzle along with the tip shall be 15 cm and shall be fitted on the cabinet such that the distance between the tip of the nozzle and the surface of the concrete sample shall be 5 f -02 cm. An ZUXIUlaJ copper or brass air tube of 0'48 cm in diameter shall be provided inside Beyond the nozzle, the diameter of the air tube shall changt the nozzle. smoothly to a diameter of I.7 cm. Inside the nozzle, the tube shal end at a distance of 2 cm from the tip of the nozzle. Four number 0.48 cm diameter holes shall be provided on the side of the nozzh immediately below the collar of the nozzle for passing sand into the nozzle. Sand is drawn into the nozzle by suction caused by the high air velocit) at the nozzle tip. *Rule for rounding off numerical valuw ( revised). 4. IS:9284-1979 FIG. 1 PNEUMATIC SAND BLASTING CABINET SHOWING THE CRADLE 3.2.2 A conical galvanized iron hopper shall be provided at the top of The the cabinet for holding the charge of sand driven by air pressure. nozzle shall be passed through the bottom of the hopper and also through the top of the cabinet such that the sand inlet holes are located at the Where the nozzle passes through the top of the bottom of the hopper. A lock nut and cabinet, the pertinent portion there shall be threaded. washer combination fixes the whole nozzle assembly to the cabinet. A pressure gauge shall be fitted to the copper or brass air tube to record accurately the air pressure as close to the nozzle as possible. The tube shall be connected to a compressor with pressure control device giving a supply of air at a pressure of 0`14 N/mm2 as recorded in the pressure The angle of the cone of the hopper shall be such that the sand gauge. The runs down the sides on its own as it is being fed into the cabinet. dimensions of the apparatus are given in Fig. 2. 5 IS : 9284 - 1979 SAND CONTAINER --- ---- 0RASS FERRULE 4 HOLES EQUI-SPACED,+ - b.8 WASHER -LOCK FACED NUT /' - `$r6 COPPER TUBE - All dimensions l%. in millimetrcs. 2 DIMENSIONS OF THE NOZZLE IS : 9284 - 1979 3.2;3 The specimen carrier shall be mounted on a cradle, that can be moved below the nozzle between two fixed points by means of a manually operated handle ( see Fig. 1 ). The distance between the fixed points for movement of the cradle shall be 17 cm. The angle of the c,rrrier and the cradle shall be 10 degrees to the horizontal SO that the face of the concrete specimen under test is presented to the direction of th- nozzle jet at an angle of 10 degrees to vertical. The position of the cradle shall be such that the tip of the nozzle remains approximately 2.5 cm away from the edge of the specimen (10 cm cube). This will enable making two impingements on the same surface by rotating the spdcirnen by 180". 3.2.4 Provisions shall be made to collect the used charge of sand and the dust emanated from the concrete wear from the bottom of the c:!binct. 3.8 Abrasive Charge - The charge of sand driven by air pressure and used for abrading the concrete surface is termed as the abrasive charge. It' shall conform to IS : 650-1966* but graded to Ipass l.OO-mm IS sieve The charges can be reused after and retained on O-50-mm IS sieve. deving through 0*50-mm IS sieve. 4. OPERATING 4.1 The abrasion a CONDITIONS conditions shall be kept for determining the following operating loss of concrete: ) Operating air pressure shall be 0.14 N/mmz, b) Abrasive charge shall be as stipulated in 3.3, cl The quantity of charge shall be 4 000 g for and each impingement, 4 Abrasion loss of specimen shall be taken as the loss in mass in grams for two separate impressions on the same face of the concrete cube under test. OF SPECIMENS 5. PREPARATION 5.1 The 10 cm cube concrete specimens, duly cured for 28 days or as received, shall be placed in an oven at 50°C for 24 hours and thereafter The scrrface of the specimen shall be rubbed with removed for test. emery paper to remove cement laitance and expose aggregate grains, before conducting the test. *Standard sand for testing of cement (first rez,ision). 7 IS : 9284- 1979 6. PROCEDURE 6.1 The weighed, dry specimen shall be placed on the specimen carrier ( see 3.2.3) with the surface ( any one out of the four smoother vertical surfaces of the cube, that were in contact with the mould ) to be tested facing the nozzle tip. The nozzle tip shall be at the middle of the half side of the cube ( that is, 2.5 cm away from the edge of the specimen ). The surface shall then be exposed to blast for the full charge of sand ( 4 000 g ). During the process, the cradle shall be moved slowly between the two fixed points ( see 3.2.3 ) by the handle provided there for. The test shall be repeated on the same surface after rotating the sample by 1809 on the horizontal plane thus enabling two impressions to be made on the same surface. After the test is over, the sample shall be removed, cleaned and weighed to determine the loss of mass in grams for one surface of the sample. 6.2 This ( see 6.1) procedure shall be repeated of the same sample. on the other three vertical surfaces 6.3 Three cube specimens to determine the abrasion ( of the same lot or as received loss of concrete. ) shall be tested 7. CALCULATION 7.1 The loss in mass of the sample as follows: for each surface shall be calculated where mloss in mass in g, before each test in g, and each test ( on one surface ml = mass of the specimen after m2 = mass of the specimen with two impressions ) in g. 8. REPORT 8.1 The abrasion loss of concrete shall be reported as the average of the results obtained for the 12 surfaces ( that is 4 surfaces each of 3 cubes ), to the nearest 0.01 g and expressed as percent loss. 8 IS : 9284 - 1979 APPENDIX ( Clause TENTATIVE A-l. SUGGESTED A 0.3 ) OF ABRASION LOSS VALUES The following maximum categories of concrete surfacings guidance only. values of abr;tsion loss for the different have been tentatively suggested for broad Maximum Values of ,lBlnsif/:i Loss, Percent Loss s-1No. i\ Concrete Surfacing Pavement: Category a) With mixed tra& including il.ontyred traffic b) With pneumatic tyred traffic only ii) iii) iv) v) Factory Dockyard Railway Footpath platform floors 0.16 0.2.4 0.16 0.16 O-24 0.40 9 IS t 9284 - 1979 ( Continuedfrom page 2 ) Members DIRECTOR DIRECTOR ( C&MDD ) DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( C&MDD SHRI V. K. GHANEKAR SIIRI A. S. P~asavr DR R. K. GHOSH Representing Engineering Research Laboratories, Hyderabad Central Water Commission, New Delhi ) ( Alternatc ) Structural Engineering Research Centre ( CSIR ). Roorkee RAO ( Alternate) Cent;ilhyoad Research Institute ( CSIR ), New SHRI M. R. CI~A-J'TERJXE( Alternate) SHXI V. K. GUPTA Engineer-in-Chief's Branch, Army Headquarters SHRI S. V. TIGAI~ ( Aflrrmale ) Associated Consulting Services, Bombay Snar J. S. HINGO~ANS SHRI A. P. REMEDIOS ( Alternate ) SHRI P. J. JAGUS The Associated Cement Companies Ltd, Bombay SHRI M. R. VIN.\YAKA f .Ilternatc J SHRI K. K. Klrarr~a fiational Buildings Organization, New Delhi SHRI K. S. SRINIVAS.\N (Alternate 1 SHRl K. K. NAhlnlAR rh personal capacity ( ` Ramanala~a ' II First Crescent Park Road, Gandhinagar, Aajar, Madras ) SHRI S. R. PIN IIB~RO Gammon India Ltd, Bombay SHRI G. P. SAJIA ( .4lteruatc ) SHRl N. S. Ranr.4sw.mv Roads Wing ( Ministry of Shipping & Transport ) SHIU R. P. STKKA ( .lltcmntc ) SHRI M. P. ~AJAP.4'l'HP R.40 Public Works and Housing Department, Bombay s I~PERINTI~N I)IS(: E N G I N E & R Central Public Works Department, New Delhi i DE~IONS 1 lkIwUT;vK ENGINEER ( Tlxs~sas ) III ( .iZtcrnate ) DR c:. .\. T.\w.l.4 Cent;~or~t~lding Research Institute ( CSIR ). Saw B. S. Gt;lv.4 ( .Uternate ) The Concrete Association of India, Bombay ) ) Cement Research Institute of~ladia, New Delhi ssJ1HI B. `r. UN\YAI.L.\ Smtr Y. K. MEJ~TA ( :llternate DIX H. C. VISVESV.4 I(AYA L)J~ A. K. MULLIC'K ( dlternate 10 BUREAU Headquarters: OF INDIAN STANDARDS Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 Telephones: 331 01 31, Regional Offices: 331 13 75 Telegrams: Manaksanstha ( Common to all Offices) Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 ~Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 *Eastern : l/l 4 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, =V. I. P. Road, Maniktola. CALCUTTA 700054 Nortnern : SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C, CHANDIGARH 160036 331 01 31 331 1375 ' 36 24 99 21843 I 3 16 41 41 24 42 Southern : C. 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